The primary metabolites Drymaria cordata L. The plant has various compounds which perform defense mechanism pharmacological, traditional and nutritive values. Roots are applied becoming more popular due to fewer side effects, externally to heal pain and are alexipharmic. Leea macrophylla Roxb. The plant has etc. These constituents have their own biological traditional uses in tonsillitis, tetanus, functions.
Alkaloids are heterocyclic nitrogen- nephrolithiasis, rheumatism, arthritis, snake bites, containing compounds which possess sore, pain, and blood effusion [19, 20].
Although antimicrobial, analgesic, anthelmintic, and the plant has great medicinal properties, there is no antidiarrhoeal activity [8]. Flavonoids are plant proper data available on the phytochemical profile pigments that produce the color of the flowers and [21]. Tannins are multipurpose medicinal herb of family polymeric phenols having antimicrobial, and Plumbaginaceae.
In several traditional systems, the antihelmintic functions [8]. It is reported that plant shows sufficient Municipality situated in province 1 of Nepal. Koenig C. Specht, is a anti-saturative, antianorexic, anti-haemorrhoidal, perennial, rhizomatous plant commonly called pain-reliever [24], insecticidal, antidiabetic [25], crepe ginger from family Costaceae. Traditionally and hepatoprotective properties. Methods hepatoprotective disorders [11]. It is also reported Plant collection that plant has various biological activities such as The reported plants were collected from the antibacterial, antifungal, antihelmentic, antioxidant, Mahavarat hilly area of Letang Municipality of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antistress Morang district in province 1, Nepal, during mid- and larvicidal [12] November of All of the plants were collected Curcuma caesia, aerial parts of Drymaria cordata, from their wild habitat.
People also cultivate a few tuberous roots of Leea macrophylla and root of the of them in their field, garden and private forest for Plumbago zeylanica were carefully separated, quick access during their needs.
The plants were cleaned, shade dried, mechanically grinded and identified with the help of taxonomic literature and coarsely powdered. From each sample, 5 g powder herbarium specimens deposited in Botany was taken and soaked them for 24 hours in 50 ml of Department of Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple water, ethanol, and chloroform separately.
The Campus, Biratnagar. The voucher specimens were extracts were filtered using Whatman filter paper 1. Table 1: Preliminary phytochemical tests for plant extracts. H2SO4 formed at the interface indicated the presence of steroid. H2SO4 Formation of red color indicated [32] the presence of quinone. Formation of yellow coloration [33] indicated a positive result for coumarin. These parameters of physicochemical analysis Moisture content are essential for checking the quality of herbs, standardization of medicinal plants, crude drug In a dry and clean Petri dish, 5g of powdered formulation [36].
It was dried until 16 Loss of weight in terms of percentage 14 It 8 Moisture content was ignited by gradual heating until it became 6 5. It was cooled for a while and weighed. The content of total ash in terms of percentage was 4 Acid insoluble ash 2.
The cover glass was rinsed with 5 ml of hot water and the liquid was added to the crucible. The insoluble Fig. The filter paper containing insoluble matter in the crucible was ignited until a constant weight The phytochemical screening of five plants in three appeared.
Then it was cooled and weighed. The extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid in all content of acid insoluble ash in terms of percentage except in the chloroform extract Table 2. Tannin was calculated. In the Cheilocostus speciosus and Phytochemical screening Plumbago zeylanica, tannin was absent in aqueous The bioactive compounds were analyzed by the and chloroform extract but in Drymaria cordata qualitative tests of extracts. It was screened for and Leea macrophylla, tannin was absent only in alkaloids, steroidal compounds, flavonoids, chloroform extract.
Flavonoid was present in all saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, five plants except in Curcuma caesia, whereas all coumarins, and glycosides by using standard the three extracts of Plumbago zeylanica revealed procedures. The methodology and the screening the presence of flavonoid. In Cheilocostus tests are presented in Table 1. Results Physicochemical analysis The steroid was found in all the plants and in all the extracts of Cheilocostus speciosus and Curcuma The results of the physicochemical analysis are caesia, but it was absent in aqueous extract of presented in Figure 1.
Among 5 plants, the highest Drymaria cordata. In Leea macrophylla it was only moisture content In Leea macrophylla it was only Plumbago zeylanica it was only absent in present in the aqueous extract. Saponin was present chloroform extract but in Drymaria cordata it was only in four plants except in Curcuma caesia. In only present in ethanolic extract. Name of Extracts Alk. Discussion Glycoside, Sap. The earlier reports have also suggested the anticancer activities of water-soluble phenolic Emodole was found in Cheilocostus speciosus and compounds like tannins, flavonoids, coumarin[37].
Plumbago zeylanica. In Cheilocostus speciosus it The bioactivity of identified phytochemicals has was absent in ethanolic extract and in Plumbago also established by the previous studies [27,38]. In zeylanica it was absent in chloroform extract.
In Cheilocostus speciosus medicinal properties in human. Coumarin was present extract. The aqueous extract being the most polar in all the plants except Cheilocostus speciosus and organic extract amongst others has dissolved all the all the three extracts of Plumbago zeylanica.
But in phytochemicals. The ethanol extract has also the majority of other plants it was absent in dissolved all the phytochemicals, however the chloroform extract. Protein and reducing sugar frequency was high in aqueous extract.
The were present in all the plants. The authors are thankful to peoples of Letang for The physicochemical properties and sharing valuable information regarding the phytochemicals analyzed in Curcuma caesia medicinal plants and to The Head, Department of showed correlations with previous research works Botany, Mahendra Morang A. Campus, [39,40]. In the Drymaria cordata having less Biratnagar for providing laboratory facilities. In the existing works, it conflicts of interest.
The results obtained from physicochemical and [1] H. Yuan, Q. Ma, L. Ye, G. Piao, The traditional phytochemical analysis of Plumbago zeylanica medicine and modern medicine from natural correlates with earlier works [22,43,44].
Among all products, Molecules. The Cheiloostus [2] M. Paudel, B. Joshi, K. Ghimire, speciosus and Curcuma caesia both have fleshy Management status of agricultural plant genetic rhizomes and collected from the same habitats resources in Nepal, Agron.
March The plants are active Minist. Zhou, S. Seto, D. Chang, H. Kiat, V. Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Highly Influential. View 7 excerpts, references background and methods. Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends.
View 9 excerpts, references background and methods. Antibacterial activity of antipsoriatic herbs: Cassia tora, Momordica charantia and Calendula officinalis. View 1 excerpt, references background.
Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants? Journal of ethnopharmacology. Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agents: Current methods and future trends.
View 6 excerpts, references background and methods. In vitro anthelmintic activity of the whole plant of enicostemma littorale by using various extracts. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Bauhinia variegata L. Comparative phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of some solvent extracts of Samanea saman fabaceae or mimosaceae pods.
Hydroalcoholic Extraction of Mangifera indica leaves by Soxhletion. The genus Mangifera indica belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and comprises of 40 species distributed in tropical and sub-tropical parts of South East Asia, Africa and Latin America The resin is … Expand.
View 1 excerpt, references methods. Anthelmintic activity of Ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eupatorium Odoratum. A yellow precipitate was formed, indicates the presence of tannins. Formation of yellowish brown precipitate indicated the presence of tannins. Test for Phytosterol The extract was refluxed with solution of alcoholic potassium hydroxide till complete saponification takes place. The mixture was diluted and extracted with ether. The ether layer was evaporated and the residue was tested for the presence of phytosterol.
Appearance of bluish green colour shows the presence of phytosterol. H2SO4 was added carefully along the sides of the test tube. The red colour was produced, indicating the presence of sterols. Formation of reddish violet colour indicates the presence of triterpenoids.
A purple colour formed then changed to deep red after few minutes, indicates the presence of triterpenoids. Test for Proteins and Amino Acids i Ninhydrin test: 1. Appearance of purple colour shows the presence of amino acids. Appearance of purple colour shows the presence of proteins. Test for Anthraquinones 5 ml of the extract solution was hydrolyzed with dil. H2SO4 and extracted with benzene. Rose pink colouration indicated the positive response for anthraquinones. Phytochemical screening and Thin layer chromatographic identification of Terpenoids from the root extract of Achyranthes aspera l.
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